![]() ![]() Humans used oil palms as far back as 5,000 years. A major environmental threat is then the destruction of rainforests in Indonesia. Since agricultural land is limited, in order to plant monocultures of oil palms, land used for other cultivations or the tropical forest need to be cleared. Indonesia produces biodiesel primarily from palm oil. The biggest producers of palm oil are Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Nigeria. In 2018, a report by the International Union for Conservation of Nature acknowledged that palm oil is much more efficient than other oils in terms of land and water usage however, deforestation causes more biodiversity loss than switching to other oils. However, very little palm oil is certified through the organization, and some groups have criticized it as greenwashing. An industry group formed in 2004 to create more sustainable and ethical palm oil, through the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil. The use of palm oil has attracted the concern of environmental groups due to deforestation in the tropics where palms are grown, and has been cited as a factor in social problems due to allegations of human rights violations among growers. Demand has also increased for other uses, such as cosmetics and biofuels, creating more demand on the supply encouraging the growth of palm oil plantations in tropical countries. On average globally, humans consumed 7.7 kg (17 lb) of palm oil per person in 2015. Palm oils are easier to stabilize and maintain quality of flavor and consistency in processed foods, so are frequently favored by food manufacturers. Palm oil accounted for about 33% of global oils produced from oil crops in 2014. The oil is used in food manufacturing, in beauty products, and as biofuel. Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from the mesocarp (reddish pulp) of the fruit of the oil palms. ![]() Palm oil block showing the lighter color that results from boiling Just like in the case of rapeseed and sunflower oils, in 2020 Poland recorded the negative trade balance for this product amounting to about 187 thousand tonnes.For oil created from the palm kernel, rather than the palm fruit, see Palm kernel oil. In the last six years, the national import of soybean oil increased from 94 thousand tonnes to 228 thousand tonnes. In the years 2015–2020, the export of soybean oil increased from 1 thousand tonnes to 41 thousand tonnes. In recent years, the foreign sale of soybean oil has been characterized by a significant upward trend. The subject of Polish export is also soybean oil. The markets of the above-mentioned five EU countries used in total 75% of the Polish export volume of sunflower oil. Major customers of this product range in 2020 were Germany and Estonia (15 thousand tonnes each), Slovakia and Belgium (14 thousand tonnes each) and Austria (12 thousand tonnes). Domestic entrepreneurs sold sunflower oil mainly in the European Union market. The negative balance of foreign trade in sunflower oil in 2020 amounted to 198 thousand tonnes. Also, in the years 2015–2020, the import of sunflower oil increased more than five times, to 292 thousand tonnes. In 2020, Polish entrepreneurs sold abroad 94 thousand tonnes of sunflower oil, more than five times more than in 2015. Since 2015, a large increase in the export of sunflower oil has been recorded, and it is stimulated by the export demand from the EU countries. In the years 2015–2020, the domestic production of refined edible sunflower oil increased from 14.6 thousand tonnes to estimated 38 thousand tonnes, i.e. In Poland, sunflower oil is also produced, on a significantly lower scale, and its production is characterized by a dynamic upward trend. ![]() In the last six years, the production of refined rapeseed oil in Poland has been between 0.7 to 0.8 million tonnes, of which the production volume of consumption oil was about 0.5 million tonnes and of technical oil – between 0.2 and 0.3 million tonnes. Since 2013, the domestic production of raw rapeseed oil has exceeded 1 million tonnes a year. The share of the country in the EU production of rapeseed oil amounts to about 13%. The production scale of raw rapeseed oil ranks Poland the third producer in the European Union (after Germany and France) and the sixth producer in the world. Of market importance are also sunflower and soybean oils. On the industrial scale, dominant is the production of rape-seed oil which is a strategic product of the Polish agri-food sector. Poland is among leading producers of vegetable oils. ![]()
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